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Alt Text: anemia in pregnancy causes symptoms treatment iron deficiency India Dr Mamta Agrawal BestGyno
Anemia is one of the most common medical conditions during pregnancy, especially in India, where nearly 50–60% of pregnant women develop iron deficiency anemia (IDA). As a Gynaecologist with 27+ years of clinical experience, I see anemia frequently and reassure expecting mothers that with timely diagnosis and correct treatment, both mother and baby remain completely safe.
This complete 2025 medical guide explains the types of anemia, symptoms, causes, risks, diet chart, iron supplements, haemoglobin improvement tips, and when to seek urgent care.
What Is Anemia in Pregnancy?
Anemia occurs when the body has fewer red blood cells or insufficient hemoglobin to carry oxygen. Pregnant women require more iron because blood volume increases by nearly 40–50%, making them more prone to deficiency.
Types of Anemia in Pregnancy
1. Iron Deficiency Anemia (Most Common)
Caused by lack of iron. Leads to low Hb and fatigue.
2. Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia
Caused by inadequate folate intake.
3. Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia
Common in vegetarian diets.
4. Hemoglobinopathies
Inherited disorders like thalassemia.
Causes of Anemia in Pregnancy
- Inadequate dietary iron
- Increased iron requirement
- Heavy periods before pregnancy
- Multiple pregnancy (twins)
- Short gaps between pregnancies
- Folic acid or B12 deficiency
- Pre-existing anemia
Symptoms of Anemia in Pregnancy
- Fatigue and weakness
- Pale skin
- Breathlessness
- Dizziness
- Fast heartbeat
- Headache
- Cold hands & feet
However, many women have no symptoms—making blood tests extremely important.
Risks of Untreated Anemia
- Preterm birth
- Low birth weight
- Poor fetal development
- Post-delivery complications
- Maternal fatigue & weakness
Timely treatment greatly reduces all risks.
How Anemia Is Diagnosed
Tests include:
- Hemoglobin (Hb) level
- Serum ferritin
- Iron profile (iron, TIBC)
- Vitamin B12 levels
- Folate levels
- Peripheral smear
Normal Hb Levels in Pregnancy
WHO defines anemia as:
- Hb < 11 g/dL in pregnancy
Safe Treatment for Anemia in Pregnancy
1. Iron Supplements
Most women require iron tablets such as:
- Ferrous sulfate
- Ferrous fumarate
- Iron sucrose injections (in severe cases)
Take iron tablets:
- 1 hour before food
- With vitamin C (improves absorption)
- Avoid with calcium/milk
2. Folic Acid Supplements
400–800 mcg daily improves RBC formation.
3. Vitamin B12 Supplements
Essential for vegetarians with deficiency.
4. Iron Injections
Given when Hb is very low or tablets do not work.
Diet Plan to Increase Hemoglobin
Include these iron-rich foods daily:
- Spinach, methi, bathua
- Beetroot
- Pomegranate
- Dates & jaggery
- Rajma, chole, dals
- Paneer, eggs
- Dry fruits (almonds, raisins)
Foods That Improve Iron Absorption
- Lemon
- Oranges
- Tomatoes
Foods to Avoid with Iron Tablets
- Milk
- Tea & coffee
- Calcium tablets
How to Prevent Anemia in Pregnancy
- Take iron + folic acid supplements regularly
- Eat iron-rich diet
- Do not skip antenatal visits
- Maintain good spacing between pregnancies
When to Seek Immediate Care?
- Severe breathlessness
- Very low Hb (<7 g/dL)
- Chest pain
- Extreme fatigue
- Dizziness or fainting
WHO Guidelines for Anemia
- Daily iron + folic acid for all pregnant women
- Early identification of moderate/severe anemia
- Iron supplementation for prevention
- Antenatal screening
Authoritative External Links
Internal Links (Correct & Working Only)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. Is anemia dangerous during pregnancy?
Yes, if untreated. With early treatment, outcomes are excellent.
2. How fast can hemoglobin increase?
With iron supplements, Hb improves within 3–4 weeks.
3. Can diet alone cure anemia?
Diet helps, but supplements are usually required during pregnancy.
4. Are iron injections safe?
Yes, iron sucrose is safe and effective when Hb is very low.
5. Does anemia affect the baby?
Severe untreated anemia may affect fetal growth, but early treatment prevents complications.
